What happens to my CPP and OAS when I move abroad permanently?

Both CPP and OAS continue to pay when you move abroad permanently — with important conditions. CPP has no residency condition at all: you contributed during your working years, and the benefit is paid regardless of where you live. OAS requires that you have lived in Canada for at least 20 years after age 18 — if you meet this threshold, OAS continues. For both payments, the default non-resident withholding tax jumps from the basic personal amount system to a flat 25% withholding. You reduce this by filing an NR5 form with CRA and Service Canada, which triggers the applicable treaty rate — 15% for Mexico, Spain, and Panama; 10% for Portugal; 25% (no reduction) for destinations without a Canada tax treaty like Costa Rica or the Dominican Republic. Your pension cheques will continue to deposit to your Canadian bank account (or can be deposited to a foreign account via direct deposit form). Service Canada does not require you to update your address for OAS/CPP payments, but CRA must be notified of your non-resident status for proper tax treatment.

How do I file the NR5 form and how long does it take?

The NR5 (Application by a Non-Resident of Canada for a Reduction in the Amount of Non-Resident Tax Required to be Withheld) is filed with the CRA International and Ottawa Tax Services Office — mailed, not filed electronically. The form requires: your SIN, your Canadian pension/income source details, your foreign address, a declaration of your residency status, and information about the tax treaty you are invoking. For Service Canada pension payments (CPP/OAS), there is an additional step: once CRA approves your NR5 and issues a letter of authorization, you submit that letter to Service Canada to trigger the reduced withholding rate. Processing time: CRA typically processes NR5 applications within 8–12 weeks. Apply well in advance of your departure date. The NR5 is valid for up to 3 taxation years — you reapply before it expires. If you fail to file the NR5, you will be withheld at 25% and must recover the excess via the Section 217 election on an annual non-resident return. It is far more efficient to file the NR5 proactively.

What is the Section 217 election and when should I use it?

The Section 217 election allows a non-resident Canadian with certain Canadian-source income (including CPP, OAS, RRIF withdrawals, and employment insurance) to elect to file a Canadian income tax return and be taxed as a resident on their net Canadian income. This is beneficial when: (1) your total Canadian-source income is modest (below $50,000–$80,000 for a couple), because the progressive rate structure plus personal credits produces a lower tax rate than the flat 25% NR withholding; (2) you have been over-withheld during the year (common if you didn't file the NR5 in time); (3) you have deductible expenses against your Canadian income. The Section 217 election requires filing a regular T1 return (with NR4 slips from your income sources) and attaching a Section 217 election statement. A cross-border tax specialist should prepare the first-year return to confirm the election is beneficial — in some cases with higher Canadian incomes, the 25% flat withholding can be more favourable than the progressive rate plus provincial tax equivalent. The election is made year-by-year, so you can choose the most beneficial approach annually.

What happens to GIS when I retire abroad — and is there any way to keep it?

GIS stops immediately when you have been outside Canada for more than 6 months in a calendar year. There is no exception, no treaty protection, and no way to continue receiving GIS while living abroad full-time. GIS is explicitly designed as a benefit for low-income seniors resident in Canada — it has no international portability. The 6-month rule is precise: if you leave Canada in October and return the following April (a 6-month absence), you remain within the threshold. If you stay until May (7 months), GIS is suspended for that period and must be re-applied for. For Canadian retirees who rely on GIS as a meaningful portion of income (GIS can be up to approximately $1,100–$1,200/month in 2026 for a single pensioner at the maximum rate), full-time foreign retirement may be financially impossible — the loss of GIS may exceed the cost of living savings from the foreign destination. The practical planning option: some Canadians use a hybrid approach — spend 5–5.5 months abroad as a snowbird to stay within the 6-month GIS threshold. This preserves GIS while still achieving significant cost-of-living reduction during the winter months. See the full Canadian benefits abroad guide for details on all programs.

How does my RRIF work when I am a non-resident?

Your RRIF continues to operate exactly as it would in Canada — your financial institution maintains the account, and you must take the mandatory annual minimum withdrawal based on your age and the account balance. Each withdrawal is subject to non-resident withholding tax: the default rate is 25%, reduced to the treaty rate (15% for Mexico, 10% for Portugal, etc.) via the NR5 process. You will receive NR4 slips from your institution each year showing the amounts paid and withheld. The Section 217 election can be used to potentially reduce the effective tax rate below the treaty rate if your total Canadian income is modest. You continue to manage the RRIF from abroad through online banking and phone — your institution does not close the account because you emigrated. One strategic consideration: if you anticipate emigrating within the next few years, consider whether to accelerate RRIF drawdowns before departure. Withdrawals taken while you are still a Canadian tax resident are taxed at your marginal rate (often lower than 25% NR withholding + provincial). A pre-departure RRIF meltdown strategy can significantly reduce lifetime tax on RRIF assets — this requires modelling with a tax advisor.

I moved to a country without a Canada tax treaty — do I pay 25% withholding on everything?

Yes — without a tax treaty, the default 25% non-resident withholding applies to CPP, OAS, RRIF withdrawals, and DB pension income. For destinations without a Canada tax treaty — Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, most of the Caribbean (except Barbados), Ecuador, Colombia — the 25% rate is not reducible via NR5 filing. The Section 217 election can still potentially reduce the effective rate on your annual return, but you receive no upfront relief. This is a real financial planning consideration for popular Canadian retirement destinations that lack treaty protection: a couple with $30,000/year in combined CPP/OAS has $7,500/year withheld at 25% vs $3,000/year withheld at 10% (Portugal). Over 20 years, the difference in withholding is $90,000 — a material amount. For buyers seriously considering non-treaty countries, the Section 217 election analysis is essential. The full list of countries with Canada tax treaties is at the CRA website — verify before committing to a destination. See the blog post on countries with Canada tax treaties .

What does the OAS 20-year residency rule mean in practice?

The OAS 20-year rule is based on the number of years you lived in Canada after your 18th birthday. It counts by full years — partial years count proportionally in the partial pension system. To receive OAS outside Canada: you need at least 20 years of Canadian residency after age 18. If you have exactly 20 years, you receive the full OAS rate ($727/month in 2026 at age 65 — indexed annually). If you have less, you receive a partial OAS proportional to your years of residency (years ÷ 40 × full rate), payable only while you remain in Canada. For most Canadians who have spent their working life in Canada, the 20-year threshold is not a concern — a Canadian born in Canada who has lived here their whole life easily qualifies. The 20-year rule is a material concern for: immigrants who came to Canada later in life; Canadians who worked abroad for many years on secondment or immigration; and long-term snowbirds who have been abroad enough years that their residency count is unclear. You can request a Statement of Contributions from Service Canada to verify your OAS entitlement. Note: the 40-year threshold gives maximum OAS — if you have only 20 years, you receive half the maximum rate.

Can I apply for CPP and OAS while living abroad, and how?

Yes — you can apply for CPP and OAS from anywhere in the world. Both applications are completed online through My Service Canada Account or via paper forms mailed to Service Canada. The CPP/OAS application process does not require a Canadian address or presence. For OAS, you will need to document your Canadian residency history (years lived in Canada) — this is usually done through a residency questionnaire. Service Canada may request supporting documents (old tax returns, passport records, employment records) to verify your years of residency if you are close to the 20-year threshold. Once approved, payments are deposited to your account. You can specify a Canadian bank account for direct deposit — generally the simplest approach, as international bank transfers have fees and currency conversion costs. If you prefer direct deposit to a foreign account, Service Canada can deposit to international accounts in most countries for a nominal fee. Keep Service Canada informed of your address changes — a current address on file ensures you receive important notices about OAS clawback, death benefit, and account reviews.

What happens to my CPP and OAS when I move abroad permanently?

Both CPP and OAS continue to pay when you move abroad permanently — with important conditions. CPP has no residency condition at all: you contributed during your working years, and the benefit is paid regardless of where you live. OAS requires that you have lived in Canada for at least 20 years after age 18 — if you meet this threshold, OAS continues. For both payments, the default non-resident withholding tax jumps from the basic personal amount system to a flat 25% withholding. You reduce this by filing an NR5 form with CRA and Service Canada, which triggers the applicable treaty rate — 15% for Mexico, Spain, and Panama; 10% for Portugal; 25% (no reduction) for destinations without a Canada tax treaty like Costa Rica or the Dominican Republic. Your pension cheques will continue to deposit to your Canadian bank account (or can be deposited to a foreign account via direct deposit form). Service Canada does not require you to update your address for OAS/CPP payments, but CRA must be notified of your non-resident status for proper tax treatment.

How do I file the NR5 form and how long does it take?

The NR5 (Application by a Non-Resident of Canada for a Reduction in the Amount of Non-Resident Tax Required to be Withheld) is filed with the CRA International and Ottawa Tax Services Office — mailed, not filed electronically. The form requires: your SIN, your Canadian pension/income source details, your foreign address, a declaration of your residency status, and information about the tax treaty you are invoking. For Service Canada pension payments (CPP/OAS), there is an additional step: once CRA approves your NR5 and issues a letter of authorization, you submit that letter to Service Canada to trigger the reduced withholding rate. Processing time: CRA typically processes NR5 applications within 8–12 weeks. Apply well in advance of your departure date. The NR5 is valid for up to 3 taxation years — you reapply before it expires. If you fail to file the NR5, you will be withheld at 25% and must recover the excess via the Section 217 election on an annual non-resident return. It is far more efficient to file the NR5 proactively.

What is the Section 217 election and when should I use it?

The Section 217 election allows a non-resident Canadian with certain Canadian-source income (including CPP, OAS, RRIF withdrawals, and employment insurance) to elect to file a Canadian income tax return and be taxed as a resident on their net Canadian income. This is beneficial when: (1) your total Canadian-source income is modest (below $50,000–$80,000 for a couple), because the progressive rate structure plus personal credits produces a lower tax rate than the flat 25% NR withholding; (2) you have been over-withheld during the year (common if you didn't file the NR5 in time); (3) you have deductible expenses against your Canadian income. The Section 217 election requires filing a regular T1 return (with NR4 slips from your income sources) and attaching a Section 217 election statement. A cross-border tax specialist should prepare the first-year return to confirm the election is beneficial — in some cases with higher Canadian incomes, the 25% flat withholding can be more favourable than the progressive rate plus provincial tax equivalent. The election is made year-by-year, so you can choose the most beneficial approach annually.

What happens to GIS when I retire abroad — and is there any way to keep it?

GIS stops immediately when you have been outside Canada for more than 6 months in a calendar year. There is no exception, no treaty protection, and no way to continue receiving GIS while living abroad full-time. GIS is explicitly designed as a benefit for low-income seniors resident in Canada — it has no international portability. The 6-month rule is precise: if you leave Canada in October and return the following April (a 6-month absence), you remain within the threshold. If you stay until May (7 months), GIS is suspended for that period and must be re-applied for. For Canadian retirees who rely on GIS as a meaningful portion of income (GIS can be up to approximately $1,100–$1,200/month in 2026 for a single pensioner at the maximum rate), full-time foreign retirement may be financially impossible — the loss of GIS may exceed the cost of living savings from the foreign destination. The practical planning option: some Canadians use a hybrid approach — spend 5–5.5 months abroad as a snowbird to stay within the 6-month GIS threshold. This preserves GIS while still achieving significant cost-of-living reduction during the winter months. See the full Canadian benefits abroad guide for details on all programs.

How does my RRIF work when I am a non-resident?

Your RRIF continues to operate exactly as it would in Canada — your financial institution maintains the account, and you must take the mandatory annual minimum withdrawal based on your age and the account balance. Each withdrawal is subject to non-resident withholding tax: the default rate is 25%, reduced to the treaty rate (15% for Mexico, 10% for Portugal, etc.) via the NR5 process. You will receive NR4 slips from your institution each year showing the amounts paid and withheld. The Section 217 election can be used to potentially reduce the effective tax rate below the treaty rate if your total Canadian income is modest. You continue to manage the RRIF from abroad through online banking and phone — your institution does not close the account because you emigrated. One strategic consideration: if you anticipate emigrating within the next few years, consider whether to accelerate RRIF drawdowns before departure. Withdrawals taken while you are still a Canadian tax resident are taxed at your marginal rate (often lower than 25% NR withholding + provincial). A pre-departure RRIF meltdown strategy can significantly reduce lifetime tax on RRIF assets — this requires modelling with a tax advisor.

I moved to a country without a Canada tax treaty — do I pay 25% withholding on everything?

Yes — without a tax treaty, the default 25% non-resident withholding applies to CPP, OAS, RRIF withdrawals, and DB pension income. For destinations without a Canada tax treaty — Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, most of the Caribbean (except Barbados), Ecuador, Colombia — the 25% rate is not reducible via NR5 filing. The Section 217 election can still potentially reduce the effective rate on your annual return, but you receive no upfront relief. This is a real financial planning consideration for popular Canadian retirement destinations that lack treaty protection: a couple with $30,000/year in combined CPP/OAS has $7,500/year withheld at 25% vs $3,000/year withheld at 10% (Portugal). Over 20 years, the difference in withholding is $90,000 — a material amount. For buyers seriously considering non-treaty countries, the Section 217 election analysis is essential. The full list of countries with Canada tax treaties is at the CRA website — verify before committing to a destination. See the blog post on countries with Canada tax treaties .

What does the OAS 20-year residency rule mean in practice?

The OAS 20-year rule is based on the number of years you lived in Canada after your 18th birthday. It counts by full years — partial years count proportionally in the partial pension system. To receive OAS outside Canada: you need at least 20 years of Canadian residency after age 18. If you have exactly 20 years, you receive the full OAS rate ($727/month in 2026 at age 65 — indexed annually). If you have less, you receive a partial OAS proportional to your years of residency (years ÷ 40 × full rate), payable only while you remain in Canada. For most Canadians who have spent their working life in Canada, the 20-year threshold is not a concern — a Canadian born in Canada who has lived here their whole life easily qualifies. The 20-year rule is a material concern for: immigrants who came to Canada later in life; Canadians who worked abroad for many years on secondment or immigration; and long-term snowbirds who have been abroad enough years that their residency count is unclear. You can request a Statement of Contributions from Service Canada to verify your OAS entitlement. Note: the 40-year threshold gives maximum OAS — if you have only 20 years, you receive half the maximum rate.

Can I apply for CPP and OAS while living abroad, and how?

Yes — you can apply for CPP and OAS from anywhere in the world. Both applications are completed online through My Service Canada Account or via paper forms mailed to Service Canada. The CPP/OAS application process does not require a Canadian address or presence. For OAS, you will need to document your Canadian residency history (years lived in Canada) — this is usually done through a residency questionnaire. Service Canada may request supporting documents (old tax returns, passport records, employment records) to verify your years of residency if you are close to the 20-year threshold. Once approved, payments are deposited to your account. You can specify a Canadian bank account for direct deposit — generally the simplest approach, as international bank transfers have fees and currency conversion costs. If you prefer direct deposit to a foreign account, Service Canada can deposit to international accounts in most countries for a nominal fee. Keep Service Canada informed of your address changes — a current address on file ensures you receive important notices about OAS clawback, death benefit, and account reviews.

Reviewed on March 2026 by the Compass Abroad editorial team

How Your Canadian Pension Works Abroad: The Complete Guide

CPP continues worldwide with 25% default NR withholding (reduced to 10–15% by tax treaty via the NR5 form). OAS continues only if you have 20+ years of Canadian residency after age 18 — also subject to NR withholding. GIS stops after 6 months abroad — no exceptions. Employer DB pensions typically continue at 25% withholding (treaty-reducible). RRIF mandatory minimums continue abroad with NR withholding. TFSA contributions stop when you become a non-resident — existing holdings continue. The Section 217 election can recover over-withheld tax on a Canadian non-resident return.

This guide covers all 8 pension types, NR withholding rates, the NR5 form process, Section 217 election mechanics, and treaty rates by destination country.

Key Facts for Canadian Buyers

CPP: worldwide, 25% default NR withholding: CPP pays to Canadians living anywhere in the world. The default NR withholding rate is 25% — but tax treaties reduce this to 15% (Mexico) or 10% (Portugal, Greece, Italy) or 15% (Spain). File the NR5 form for reduced withholding.
OAS: 20-year Canadian residency rule: To receive OAS outside Canada, you must have lived in Canada for at least 20 years after age 18. If you have 20+ years, OAS continues at the reduced NR withholding rate. If you have under 20 years, OAS stops when you leave Canada permanently.
GIS: stops after 6 months abroad: Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) is available only to low-income OAS recipients living in Canada. It stops when you have been absent from Canada for more than 6 months. This is a critical planning issue for lower-income retirees.
NR5 form: the key tool for reduced withholding: Filing an NR5 (Application by a Non-Resident of Canada for a Reduction in the Amount of Non-Resident Tax Required to be Withheld) with CRA and your pension administrator allows the withholding rate to be reduced from 25% to the applicable treaty rate. Valid for up to 3 years.
Section 217 election: can recover over-withheld tax: The Section 217 election on your Canadian non-resident return allows you to calculate your taxes as if you were a Canadian resident — often resulting in a significant refund if your total Canadian income is modest. Available for pension, RRIF, and other Canadian-source income.
Treaty withholding rates by destination: Mexico: 15% CPP/OAS (Canada-Mexico treaty). Portugal: 10% (Canada-Portugal treaty). Greece: 15%. Spain: 15%. Dominican Republic: no treaty — 25% default applies. Costa Rica: no treaty — 25% default. Panama: 15% (Canada-Panama treaty).
RRIF mandatory minimums continue abroad: If you depart Canada with an RRIF, the mandatory annual minimum withdrawals continue. Each withdrawal is subject to 25% NR withholding (reduced by treaty). RRIF assets remain in Canada; you can manage the account from abroad through your institution.
Employer DB pension: typically 25% withholding: Defined benefit pensions from Canadian employers continue to pay non-resident retirees. The default 25% NR withholding applies unless reduced by treaty via NR5 form. Provincial plans (OMERS, HOOPP, OTPP, LAPP) follow the same federal NR withholding rules.
TFSA: contributions stop, but holdings continue: Once you become a non-resident, you cannot make TFSA contributions. If you do contribute as a non-resident, a 1% per-month penalty tax applies. Your existing TFSA holdings continue — the income and growth remain tax-free from a Canadian perspective, though the destination country may tax TFSA income.
OAS clawback threshold 2026: OAS recovery tax (clawback) applies when net world income exceeds approximately $93,454 CAD (2026 threshold). The clawback applies even for non-residents if your worldwide income is reported on a Canadian return (Section 217 election). For most retirees abroad, income is below the threshold.

Key Takeaways

CPP (Canada Pension Plan) is the most straightforward pension for Canadians living abroad. It is a contributory benefit paid regardless of where you live — there is no Canadian residency requirement for receiving CPP. The default non-resident withholding rate is 25%, but most Canadians living in treaty countries will reduce this to 10–15% via the NR5 form filed with CRA and your pension administrator. CPP withholding is the first pension planning step for any Canadian considering permanent or extended foreign residence.
OAS (Old Age Security) has a critical condition: to receive OAS outside Canada, you must have lived in Canada for at least 20 years after age 18. If you meet the 20-year threshold (most Canadians who have spent most of their adult life in Canada will), OAS continues at the treaty-reduced withholding rate. If you have fewer than 20 years of Canadian post-18 residency — immigrants who came to Canada later in life, Canadians who lived abroad for extended working years — OAS stops when you leave. Check your Service Canada record before planning.
GIS (Guaranteed Income Supplement) is the most impactful pension issue for lower-income Canadian retirees planning to retire abroad. GIS is not just income-tested — it is residence-tested. It stops if you are absent from Canada for more than 6 months in any calendar year. A lower-income Canadian who relies on GIS as a significant portion of retirement income may find that full-time foreign residence makes the retirement budget unviable. The 6-month absence limit aligns precisely with the Canadian snowbird pattern — leaving in November and returning by April stays within the threshold.
The NR5 form is the key administrative step that most Canadians miss. Without an NR5, CPP/OAS will be withheld at the default 25% non-resident rate, even if a treaty reduces the applicable rate to 10% or 15%. The NR5 is filed with your CRA Tax Centre and submitted to Service Canada (for CPP/OAS) and any other pension administrator. It is valid for up to 3 taxation years. The NR5 form can recover significant cash flow — on $25,000/year in CPP/OAS, reducing withholding from 25% to 15% saves $2,500/year in upfront withholding. The Section 217 election on an annual Canadian non-resident return can then recover any additional over-withheld tax.

All 8 Pension Types: How They Work Abroad

The following table summarizes the key rules for every major Canadian pension and savings vehicle for non-residents. Treaty rates use three of the most common Compass Abroad destinations as benchmarks. For a full list of treaty countries and rates, consult the CRA website or the dedicated countries with Canada tax treaties guide.

Canadian pension types and how each works for non-residents abroad — 2026
Pension Type	Continues Abroad?	Default NR Withholding	Treaty Rate (Mexico/Portugal/Panama)	Key Condition	Action Required
CPP (Canada Pension Plan)	Yes — worldwide	25%	15% / 10% / 15%	No residency condition	File NR5; confirm treaty country
OAS (Old Age Security)	Yes — if 20+ years Canadian residency after 18	25%	15% / 10% / 15%	20-year residency rule	Verify residency years; file NR5
GIS (Guaranteed Income Supplement)	No — stops after 6 months abroad	N/A	N/A	Must reside in Canada	Plan for GIS loss if income-dependent
DB Employer Pension (OMERS, LAPP, etc.)	Yes — typically continues	25%	15% / 10% / 15%	Depends on plan rules — verify	File NR5 with plan administrator
RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan)	No contributions, holds continue	25% on withdrawals	15% / 10% / 15% on withdrawals	No contributions as NR; withdrawal triggers tax	Plan RRSP meltdown strategy before departure
RRIF (Registered Retirement Income Fund)	Yes — mandatory minimums continue	25% on each withdrawal	15% / 10% / 15%	Mandatory annual minimums required	File NR5; Section 217 election available
TFSA (Tax-Free Savings Account)	Holdings continue; contributions stop	Home country may tax income	Depends on home country	No NR contributions (1%/month penalty)	Maximize before departure; do not contribute as NR
CPP Survivor / Death Benefits	Yes — paid to non-resident survivors	25% default	Treaty rate applies	Same rules as CPP	Survivor: file NR5 for reduced withholding

The NR5 Form: Your First Action Step

Without the NR5 form, the default 25% withholding applies to your CPP, OAS, and other Canadian pension income — even if a treaty reduces the rate to 10% or 15%. The NR5 is filed with CRA International and Ottawa Tax Services Office, then a CRA authorization letter is forwarded to Service Canada and any other pension administrator. It must be refiled every 3 years. See the filing details in the FAQ below.

Most cross-border tax advisors recommend filing the NR5 before you officially depart Canada — processing takes 8–12 weeks and you want the reduced withholding in effect from your first payment as a non-resident. Filing late means 25% withholding until CRA processes the form, with recovery possible only via the annual Section 217 election.

Treaty Withholding Rates by Destination

The applicable NR withholding rate depends entirely on whether your destination country has a tax treaty with Canada — and on the specific rates in that treaty. Key rates for popular Canadian retirement destinations:

Mexico: 15% (Canada-Mexico Income Tax Convention)
Portugal: 10% (Canada-Portugal Tax Convention)
Spain: 15% (Canada-Spain Tax Convention)
Greece: 15% (Canada-Greece Tax Convention)
Italy: 15% (Canada-Italy Tax Convention)
Panama: 15% (Canada-Panama Tax Convention)
Costa Rica: No treaty — 25% default
Dominican Republic: No treaty — 25% default
Colombia: No treaty — 25% default
Ecuador: No treaty — 25% default
Belize: No treaty — 25% default

For buyers evaluating Mexico vs Portugal specifically, see the Mexico vs Portugal detailed cost comparison which includes the pension treaty math in the full budget model.

GIS: The Critical Issue for Lower-Income Retirees

GIS is the most consequential pension issue for lower-income retirees planning foreign retirement. It stops — completely — after 6 months abroad. In 2026, maximum GIS for a single OAS recipient is approximately CAD $1,100–$1,200/month. For a couple where one or both partners receive GIS, the annual impact of losing GIS can be CAD $13,000–$28,000/year. This can make full-time foreign retirement financially impractical.

The snowbird strategy — leaving Canada in October or November and returning before April 30 — keeps you within the 6-month threshold if you manage the days carefully. This preserves GIS while still achieving 5+ months of foreign cost-of-living savings. Many Canadians in this income bracket find that Mexico or Portugal as a 5-month snowbird destination is financially viable precisely because GIS is preserved. See the full guide to Canadian benefits abroad.

Retiring Abroad? Model Your Complete Pension Picture First.

Compass Abroad connects Canadian retirees with cross-border tax specialists and vetted destination agents who understand CPP/OAS withholding, the NR5 process, and Section 217 election strategy — before you commit to a destination.

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Frequently Asked Questions: Canadian Pension Abroad

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